赤道 David Attenborough: The equator.
它横跨东非洲的焦土平原 It runs across the scorched plains of east Africa.
它是离两极最远的地方 This is as far from the Poles as you can get.
但这里也有冰和雪 就在山上 But ice and snow are here too up in the mountains.
地球上每块大陆 都有这种海拔高的雪原 Every continent on earth has such high snowfields.
每个雪原也都有其独特的动物群 用自己的方式适应 And each has its own community of animals that have adapted in their own way
伴随寒冷而来的严酷条件 to the crushing conditions that come with the cold.
东非的黎明 在肯尼亚山的高坡上 Dawn in east Africa, on the high slopes of mount Kenya...
四千米之上 4,000 metres up.
温度才刚升至冰点以上 The temperature is just beginning to creep above freezing.
你通常不会期待 在这种地方看到冷血爬行动物类 It's hardly the place where you would expect to find a cold-blooded reptile.
但就有一种住在上面这边 头盔变色龙 But there is one that lives up here the high-casqued chameleon.
这只雌性从夜晚的 结冰温度中撑了过来 This female has survived the night's freezing temperatures
借由大幅降低自己的 新陈代谢率和心率 by allowing both her metabolism and her heart rate to drop significantly.
现在到了早上 它需要进食 Now, in the morning, she needs to eat.
但太冷了 它移动不了它的腿 But it's so cold, she can't move her legs.
但是它像装有 弹簧一样的舌头还能用 Her spring-loaded tongue, however, still works.
随着太阳在空中越升越高 冻结的土地开始解冻 As the sun rises higher in the sky, frozen land begins to thaw...
巨山梗菜已经打开 它们的枝叶来吸收阳光 And the giant lobelias spread their leaves to soak up the sunshine.
虽然体温还只有摄氏五度 With her body temperature still only five degrees celsius,
变色龙变得更有活动力 the chameleon becomes more mobile...
往上爬来晒太阳 And climbs up to bask in the sun.
它的皮肤颜色变深 Her skin darkens...
让它能更快吸收太阳的热度 Enabling her to absorb the sun's heat more quickly.
它怀孕了 它的体温很快就会达到摄氏二十度 She is pregnant, and soon her temperature reaches 20 degrees celsius,
能给它生产所需的能量 which gives her the energy she needs to give birth.
大多的变色龙物种都生蛋 Most chameleon species lay eggs,
但这里太冷 蛋无法在外发育 but here it's too cold for an egg to develop in the open...
所以它用胎生的方式生产 So she produces live young.
生六只变色龙宝宝 只花了它一小时 It takes just an hour for her to give birth to six baby chameleons.
生活在冰冻的山顶上 其中一项好处就是 One of the advantages of life on the frozen peaks
这边没什么掠食者 is that there are fewer predators here...
觅食时也比较少竞争对手 And less competition for food.
但相较之下很少爬行动物类住在高山上 是有理由的 But there's a reason why comparatively few reptiles live in the high mountains.
日落之后 温度会在几分钟内 降到零度以下 As the sun sets, the temperature falls to below zero in a matter of minutes.
宝宝们必须动作快 The babies must act fast.
为了避免在夜晚被冻结 它们需要厚植被的覆盖 To escape the nightly freeze, they need the cover of thick vegetation.
一只年轻的变色龙如果暴露在寒冷之中 会很快失去行动能力 一只年轻的变色龙如果暴露在寒冷之中 会很快失去行动能力
然后很可能会死亡 and may well die.
但它们大多数都会 本能地尽快找掩蔽 Most, however, react instinctively and find shelter as quickly as they can.
在赤道上的山峰 如肯尼亚山 Peaks on the equator, such as mount Kenya,
每晚只有几小时的时间是冻结的 are frost bound for only a few hours each night.
但位于赤道北边 长750英里的欧洲阿尔卑斯山脉 But north of the equator, in the 750-mile-long European alps,
有好几个月处于寒冷之中 the cold endures for months.
这些高山有半年都持续在冰封之中 The high mountains are continuously frozen for half the year.
对于阿尔卑斯山 最厉害的空中掠食者 是一段充满考验的时间 A testing time for the alps' greatest aerial predator.
金雕 The golden eagle.
冬天时 这里只有刚好够它们生存的猎物 有活的也有死的 In winter, there is just enough prey up here, dead or alive, to sustain them.
但当春天来临 山里的环境也会改变 But when spring arrives, the mountains are transformed.
对于雄性和它一辈子的伴侣 For a male and his lifelong partner...
找食物的需求很紧急 The need to find food is urgent.
它们有只三周大的雏鸟 They have a three-week-old chick.
它一天需要被喂食好几次 It needs to be fed several times a day.
为了喂它 双亲都得出外狩猎 To do that, both parents have to hunt.
但即使在春天 Yet, even in spring,
住在高山上的动物还是很少 few animals live up here in the high mountains,
找猎物并不简单 and finding prey is not easy.
但是欧洲山羚 一种山羊 But chamois, a kind of mountain goat,
在这生活而且正在生产小羊 are here, and they are giving birth.
它们的小孩可达到跟雕一样的重量 One of their kids can weigh as much as an eagle.
当雕成对狩猎时 它们会互相协作 When eagles hunt as a pair, they co-ordinate their approach.
一只俯冲… One stoops...
速度超过时速150英里 Reaching a speed of over 150mph.
它的攻击会把山羊群打散 Its attack scatters the herd.
让另一只雕更容易选择目标 And that makes it easier for the other to select a target.
一次成功的抓捕 A successful catch.
山羊可能还活着 It could still be alive...
所以雕把它抓到峡谷上的高空 So the eagle carries it away, high over the gorge...
然后… And then...
刻意丢下它 Deliberately drops it.
撞击力会立即杀死它 The impact will kill it instantly.
一只雏鸟一天可以吃下 自己的体重三倍量的食物 A chick can eat up to a third of its own body weight in a day.
父母没办法休息太久 Parents can't afford to rest for long.
利用夏季比较长的白天 Taking advantage of the long summer days,
雕不断地狩猎 eagles hunt ceaselessly.
日复一日 Day in... Day out.
八周之后 雏鸟几乎发育完全 After eight weeks, a chick is almost fully grown.
随着夏天的结束 And then, as summer comes to an end,
父母喂食它们 雏鸟的压力也随之消失 the pressure on parents to feed their chicks... Disappears.
它们的孩子已经飞离鸟巢 Their young have flown the nest.
时机正好 And just in time.
越来越差的天气 透露出冬季的萧条期即将到来 The worsening weather signals that the leaner times of winter are on their way.
将会更难找到猎物 Finding prey has now got much harder.
年轻的欧洲山羚也已经长大 The young chamois have also grown up.
一只青年欧洲山羚体重 已经几乎是雕的五倍了 A juvenile now weighs almost five times as much as an eagle.
这种大小的动物 对鸟来说再也不是简单的猎物 Animals of this size are no longer easy prey for the birds.
它们面对攻击时几乎不会退缩 They barely flinch under attack.
但对于欧洲山羚来说 游走在悬崖边还是很危险 But it's dangerous for a chamois to stray close to a cliff edge.
雕抓住机会 The eagles seize their chance.
成功了 Got it.
雕把欧洲山羚拖到悬崖边 The eagle drags the chamois towards the edge.
这是一个极度冒险的举动 It's an extremely risky move.
如果雕折断了翅膀 将会是致命伤 If the eagle breaks a wing, it will be fatal.
这种尺寸的猎物 能让雕夫妻吃好几天 A kill this size will feed a pair for days.
现在正是它们需要储存脂肪的时候 This is when they must build up the fat reserves
它们会需要脂肪来维持生命 that they will need to sustain themselves
度过未来的萧条月分 through the lean months that lie ahead.
阿尔卑斯山脉的冬天是令人生畏的 Winters in the alps are daunting.
但在其他山脉 挑战甚至更严酷 But in other mountain ranges, the challenges are even harder.
在远东 温暖湿润的风从日本海吹来 In the far east, warm, wet winds blow in across the sea of Japan.
遇到高三千米的日本 阿尔卑斯山脉 As they meet the 3,000-metre-high Japanese alps,
它们被迫往上 they're forced upwards.
当潮湿空气向上抬升时会冻结 As the moist air rises, it freezes...
空气中携带的水滴会转化成雪 And the water droplets they carry turn into snow.
没有两个雪花结晶是一模一样的 No two snow crystals are exactly the same.
在日本的山里 In the mountains of Japan,
几个月内就能下13米深的雪 13 metres of snow can fall in just a few months.
是地球上最多雪的地方 It's the snowiest place on earth.
要在这生存 动物需要所有能得到的帮助 To survive here, an animal needs all the help it can get.
在冬天 日本猕猴 In winter, Japanese macaques
能生活在最高1500米的高度 can live at altitudes of up to 1,500 metres...
比几乎所有灵长类生活的地方都高 Higher than almost any other primate.
但在这里 温暖的火山池 永远都在待命着 But here, the warm volcanic pools are always ready and waiting.
泡热水澡能降低它们的压力贺尔蒙 A nice hot bath lowers stress hormones for them,
就跟我们一样 just as it does for us.
然而进入温泉的权利 是被严格管控的 Admission to this spa, however, is tightly controlled.
地位高的雌性们决定谁能进来 The high-ranking females dictate who is allowed in...
谁又会被留在外面的寒风中 And who will be left out in the cold.
这只三岁的雄性 最近才被它的群体放逐 This three-year-old male has recently been expelled from his troop.
它很饥饿 He's hungry.
猕猴大多数是草食性 Macaques are largely vegetarian.
在冬天 当所有食物都很稀少时 In the winter, when food of any kind is scarce,
它们会吃下任何可能可以吃的 they will tackle anything remotely edible.
但是 一只孤单的雄性 不太可能生存多久 However, a lone young male is unlikely to survive much longer
除非它能找到保持温暖的方式 unless he can find a way of keeping warm.
为了保暖 它可能得要迁移 And to do so, he may have to travel through
跨越超过50英里的空旷森林 up to 50 miles of empty forest.
裸露手脚会非常地冷 Bare hands and feet can become painfully cold.
揉搓手脚能帮忙恢复血液循环 Rubbing them helps restore the circulation.
冻伤可能会致命 Frostbite could be fatal.
相较于其他时期 年轻的雄性猕猴最可能在它们的第一个冬天就死亡 Young male macaques are most likely to die in their first winter than at any other time.
但跟它一样 这边有另外一只被放逐的年轻雄性 Butjust like him, here is another young male outcast.
帮忙理毛的提议 是猕猴之间一种 建立友谊的标准方式 Offering to groom is a standard way of establishing a friendly relationship among macaques.
陌生人的温暖拥抱是很受欢迎的 And the stranger's warm embrace is very welcome.
借由靠在一起 By huddling together,
它们替彼此抵挡风雪 让彼此的体温都升高 虽然只有一点点 they shield each other from the snow, and both their temperatures rise... just a little.
但可能就足以救命 This could be enough to save the lives
救它们彼此的命 of both of them.
低海拔山坡上的雪 是任何生活在那里的动物的大挑战 Snow on lower mountain slopes can be a major challenge for any of the animals that live there.
然而在较高的顶峰 大量降雪却可能致命 On the high peaks, however, really heavy snowfalls can be lethal.
位于北美的落基山脉 The rockies in North America.
山峰可以超过4400米高 They rise to heights of over 4,400 metres.
冬天时 吹过高耸山顶的风 In the winter, the winds blowing across the high summits
会产生凸出悬崖的积雪 悬雪 can create snowy overhangs - cornices -
厚达十米而且可达到数吨重 up to ten metres thick and weighing many tonnes.
到了春天 当温度上升 In the spring, as the temperatures rise,
悬雪可能变得不稳定 the cornices may become unstable...
而那可能造成灾难 And that can be catastrophic.
雪崩 Avalanche.
当雪翻滚下山坡 雪会加速到达时速100英里或更高 As it tumbles downwards, it accelerates to speeds of 100mph or more.
只有竞速无人机能追上雪崩的轨迹 Only a racer drone camera can follow its course.
在仅仅两分钟内 多达一百万吨的雪从山坡落下 In just two minutes, up to a million tonnes of snow hurtle down the mountainside.
雪崩非常具有毁灭性 Avalanches can be hugely destructive,
而气候变化让它们越来越不可预测 and climate change is making them more and more unpredictable.
在南太平洋 新西兰的岛上 In the south pacific, on the islands of New Zealand,
一种智能极高的生物 one highly intelligent creature
已经学会怎么利用 山上不稳定的环境 has learned how to take advantage of the volatile nature of mountains.
啄羊鹦鹉 The kea...
鹦鹉的一种 A species of parrot.
它是整个家族中唯一能够 在雪线以上生存的物种 It's the only one of its family that can live above the snowline,
而且是唯一主动寻找肉食的品种 and the only one that actively looks... For meat.
山羊的尸体 The carcass of a mountain goat.
这只成年的雄性啄羊鹦鹉 有很锋利的喙 This adult male kea has a razor-sharp beak...
很适合屠宰工作 Which is well suited for butchery.
富含热量的肉能帮助它度过冬天 Flesh rich in calories will help him through the winter.
但它并没有独享多久 But he doesn't have it for himself for long.
一帮青少年啄羊鹦鹉 A gang of juvenile keas.
这些年轻的啄羊鹦鹉跟着 更有经验的成年前辈 These younger keas shadow the older, more experienced adults...
来学习山里的生存技巧 To learn the tricks of mountain survival...
和去哪里寻找食物 And where to find food.
但在等待轮到它们吃的同时 But while waiting their turn...
还有时间能玩 There's time to play.
这些看起来无忧无虑的 行为有它的好处 There's a benefit to this apparently carefree behaviour.
它帮助建立年轻 鹦鹉之间的长期关系 It helps establish long-lasting relationships between the youngsters...
甚至能帮助解除紧张情势 And even defuses tension...
所以当一只啄羊鹦鹉发现稀少 但数量大的食物 So that when one kea finds a rare but substantial meal...
它通常会愿意分享 It often willingly shares it.
这是很重要的行为 And that is very important behaviour,
特别是在冬天 当食物很稀少的时候 particularly in winter, when food is so scarce.
在比较大的山脉 In larger mountain chains,
寻找食物的旅程可能来得更加困难 the quest for food can become even more demanding.
南美的安地斯山脉 The andes in South America.
地球上最长的山脉 The longest range on earth.
它往下方的南极延伸超过4500英里 It stretches for over 4,500 miles down towards the antarctic.
在它的最南端 At its southernmost end,
太阳维持在天空很低的角度 只带来很少的温暖 the sun remains so low in the sky that it brings little warmth,
温度通常低于冰点 and temperatures regularly drop below freezing.
在冬天 一天有大约15小时 大地笼罩在黑暗之中 In winter, the land is shrouded in darkness for almost 15 hours a day.
在这里 掠食者必须 在很暗的时候狩猎 Here, a predator has to hunt when it's so dark
只有热成像摄影机 能让我们的眼睛看到它的活动 that only a thermal camera can make its activities visible to our eyes.
美洲狮 The puma.
这只一岁大的母狮 面临着一个令人气馁的前景 This one-year-old female faces a daunting prospect.
它才刚离开母亲出来独立 She has just left her mother and become independent
在一年最艰巨的时期 at the most demanding time of the year...
猎物最稀少的时期 When prey is at its most scarce.
唯一显着的目标 是骆马的一种… The only substantial targets are a kind of llama.
原驼 Guanaco.
一只成年原驼高1.5米 体重是美洲狮的两倍 An adult stands one-and-a-half metres tall and is twice the puma's weight.
然而这只母狮有一项优势… This female, however, has one advantage -
绝佳的夜视能力 excellent night vision.
如果年轻母狮能接近到 原驼的五米范围内 If the youngster can get within five metres of a guanaco,
它就有机会能成功 she has a chance of success.
但原驼有很灵敏的嗅觉 But the guanaco do have a very acute sense of smell...
和极佳的听力 And excellent hearing.
在下风处耐心地 跟踪长达六小时后… After six hours of patient stalking from downwind...
美洲狮终于进入了攻击范围内 The puma is finally within striking distance.
浪费了这次机会 A wasted opportunity.
一晚连续失败三次 已经耗尽它储存的精力 Three failed attempts in one night have drained her reserves.
它的不熟练 导致它更接近饿死的结局 Her inexperience is leaving her close to starvation.
另一个微弱的气味 Another faint scent.
但气味带领年轻母狮到了 另一只美洲狮的地盘 But it's leading this youngster into the territory of another puma.
它的邻居 一只母狮 比它年纪更大、更有经验 Her neighbour, a female, is older and more experienced than she is...
而且已经完成了一次成功猎杀 And has already made a successful kill.
年轻母狮必须小心地接近 The younger female must approach with caution.
成年美洲狮天性是独居动物 Adult pumas are solitary by nature...
通常不欢迎对手靠近 And don't normally welcome rivals.
它退后 展现出服从姿势
She falls back in a gesture of submission.
但它如果几天内都没有进食 But if she doesn't eat within the next few days,
它可能会活不下去 she's unlikely to survive.
大母狮现在已经不再主动进食 The larger female is now no longer actively feeding...
所以它又再一次尝试接近 So she makes another approach.
终于 猎物的主人忽略了它 At last, the owner ignores her.
美洲狮是唯一已知 会分享食物给邻居的独居大猫 Pumas are the only solitary big cat known to share a meal with a neighbour.
也许这只年轻美洲狮借由邻居的帮助 Maybe the young puma, with the help of its neighbour,
能活过它的第一个冬天 will after all survive her first winter.
而年纪大的大猫 有一天可能也会需要它的回报 And maybe the older cat one day will be in need of a favour returned.
安地斯山脉的低坡段很崎岖 The lower slopes of the andes are harsh.
沿着它向上 高山上的环境变得超凡脱俗 But climb higher, and the mountains become otherworldly.
它们的高度让雨云 无法从东边吹上来 Their altitude prevents rain clouds from blowing in from the east...
同时另一个靠近西海岸较矮的山脉 Whilst another, lower range nearer the west coast,
会防止雨从太平洋过来 prevents rain coming in from the pacific ocean.
这使得中间形成了 地球上最干燥的高山荒漠之一 This creates, between them, one of the driest high-altitude deserts on earth...
阿他加马沙漠 The atacama.
尽管如此 这里还是有一个湖泊 There is, nonetheless, a lake here -
一个火山湖 充满了自地下涌上 浓度极高的盐水 a volcanic one that is filled with extremely salty water from underground.
而这吸引了红鹤前来 And this attracts flamingos.
它们每个夏天过来 They come here each summer.
在这筑巢 养育后代 And here they nest and raise their young,
利用湖里丰富的藻类 taking advantage of the lake's plentiful algae.
但当冬季来临 But with the arrival of winter,
夜晚的温度会降至冰点以下 temperatures at night drop to below freezing...
这样的环境 即使是这些耐寒的鸟 也不能忍受太久 Conditions that even these Hardy birds cannot endure for long.
成年鸟开始离开 前往气温较温暖 The adults start to leave and head for warmer temperatures
高度低一点的山里 lower down the mountain.
但它们将四个月大的雏鸟留下 But they leave behind their four-month-old chicks,
虽然长得够大 能自己进食 但还没有强壮到能飞行 which are old enough to feed themselves but not yet strong enough to fly.
随着每个晚上过去 气温持续下降 With each passing night, temperatures continue to fall.
然后在一个特别冷 的夜晚之后的早晨 And then, one morning, after a particularly cold night,
雏鸟们发现自己被寒冰包围 the chicks find themselves surrounded by ice.
挤在一起取暖 能帮助一些鸟保存珍贵的体温 Huddling together allows some to preserve precious body heat.
但独自在外的 却更加暴露在寒风中 But those on the outside are left even more exposed.
有一些没能抵挡住刺骨的寒冷 And some have already succumbed to the freezing conditions.
富盐分的冰 已经冷到开始在雏鸟的羽毛上凝结 The salty ice is now so cold that it congeals on the chicks' feathers.
增加重量 让它们成功起飞的机率更低 Weighed down, their chances of flying are even more remote.
现在时速40英里的强风横跨过湖泊 Now 40mph winds whip across the lake,
把温度更进一步压低 driving down temperatures even further.
但这场可能杀死它们的大风 也可能是它们的救星 Yet this very wind that could kill them might just be their saviour.
雏鸟们迎着风 The youngsters turn to face it.
如果它们正确捕捉到风向 If they can catch it just right,
可以带给它们第一场 飞行所需要的升力 it could give them the lift they need to take their very first flight.
而那些身上负担太重冰块的雏鸟 For those encumbered with heavy loads of ice...
其挣扎已几乎到超出负荷的程度
The struggle is almost too much.
终于获得自由 Freedom at last.
许多在冰冻山峰上生活的动物 Many animals that live amongst the frozen peaks
在数千年来已经适应了这样的环境 have, over thousands of years, become adapted
来应对高海拔生活的挑战 to meet the challenges of a high-altitude existence.
但现在它们的世界正在改变 But now their world is changing...
因为全球暖化 Because of global warming.
在山上冰河中保持冻结的冰 已经开始融化 Ice that has remained frozen deep within mountain glaciers is starting to melt
加速了它们的移动 Accelerating their movement.
在拍摄这季节目超过三年的时间里 Over the three years that it took to film this series,
位于秘鲁安地斯山脉 海拔5500米的 奎尔卡亚冰帽 the quelccaya icecap, 5,500 metres up in the Peruvian andes,
已经缩减了惊人的60米 has receded by a staggering 60 metres.
在欧洲 一些高山冰河 In Europe, some alpine glaciers
现在已经以 每年100米的速度缩小 are now shrinking by 100 metres a year.
它们之中 瑞士的圣安纳菲尔冰河 One of them, the sankt annafirn glacier in Switzerland,
已经几乎完全消失 has almost completely disappeared.
其他大部分冰河 也预期会在本世纪内消失 Most of the others are expected to have followed it by the turn of the century.
冰冻山坡的暖化 The warming of the frozen slopes
可能会威胁到 大概是世界上最有名的 高山住民的生活 could threaten the life of perhaps the most famous mountain resident of all.
隐藏在西部中国的竹林中 Hidden within the bamboo forests of western China...
是一只又热又烦躁的雄性大猫熊 Is a hot and bothered male giant panda.
它在较低洼的谷地避过了冬季 He has spent the winter sheltering lower down the valley.
而现在是初夏 Now it's early summer,
保护它度过了冬天的厚毛皮 and his thick coat that protected him
现在却变得很不舒服 throughout the winter has become very uncomfortable.
它必须到更高的冷山坡上 He needs to reach the cold of the higher slopes.
但在它开始爬山之前 But before he can start the ascent,
它必须好好吃一顿 来提供必要的能量 he needs a good meal to give him the necessary energy.
大猫熊几乎不吃竹子外的食物 Giant pandas eat almost nothing except bamboo.
但竹子的热量很低 But bamboo is so low in calories
它每天必须花十小时进食 that he needs to spend ten hours a day eating.
吃完了早餐 With breakfast over...
它开始爬向高地 He begins his climb to higher ground.
但没爬多久… But in no time at all...
它又饿了 He's hungry again.
这会是很长的旅程 This is going to be a long journey.
而不远的未来 这旅程可能还会更长 And it may be an even longer one in the near future.
随着气候变迁 这些山里的气温升高 As climate change raises the temperature in these mountains,
大猫熊可能必须要越爬越高 giant pandas may well need to climb higher and higher
来找到更冷的环境 to find cooler conditions.
而它们爱吃的 喜欢较冷环境的竹子 But the cold-loving bamboo they most favour
却不容易移动 cannot move so easily...
竹林可能会从较低、 较温暖的山坡消失 And may disappear from the warmer lower slopes altogether.
目前 这些白雪覆盖的山峰 So far, these snow-covered peaks
持续提供这只雄性大猫熊 足够的空间觅食和求偶 continue to provide this male with enough space to feed and find a mate...
它在地盘上留下气味标记 So he scent-marks his territory...
猫熊风格 用双手站立 Panda-style - with a handstand.
很可能在接下来的数十年内 It may well be that in the next few decades
世界上的山区都会变暖 the mountains of the world will warm.
如果发生了 很多物种都会无可避免地消失 Should that happen, many species will inevitably disappear.
但我们永远不能忘记 But we should never forget the versatility and endurance
这些曾经成功生存在 of the animals that have succeeded in colonising...
这些空中冰冻岛屿的动物的 多样性和耐力 These icy islands in the sky.